Can Sikhism continue to exist without the Guru Granth Sahib? Essay exam

Can Sikhism continue to exist without the Guru Granth Sahib? The Guru Granth Sahib is the active living Guru of the Sikhs: a long text with 1430 pages, compiled and composed during the period of Sikh gurus, from 1469 to 1708. A collection of 5,894 hymns and 1430 pages, the Guru Granth Sahib describes the qualities of God and why you should meditate on God’s name. The hymns are arranged into 31 ragas, which are musical groupings. Every copy of the Guru Granth Sahib has an identical layout of pages. The Guru Granth Sahib was declared as Guru Gobind Singh’s (1666-1708) successor, by himself. It is the holy scripture of the Sikhs and is regarded as the teachings of the ten Gurus, as well as treated like as a sovereign living Guru. The Guru Granth Sahib has a pivotal role in Sikh worship, as a source or guide of prayer; and it in many ways defines Sikhism: outlining all of the laws, rules and ideas of it. It is written in the GurmukhÄ « script, in various dialects – including Lehndi Punjabi, Braj Bhasha, Khariboli, Sanskrit an d Persian – often merged under the broad title of Sant Bhasha. There are approximately 20 million followers worldwide of Sikhism, most of whom live in the Punjab province of India: a state in the northwest of India. The 2001 census recorded 336,000 Sikhs living in the UK. In this essay I am going to examine information surrounding the Guru, and I am going to analyse whether Sikhism could exist without it, and come to a conclusion that it could not. Firstly, I am going to look at the history of the Guru Granth Sahib. During the Guruship of Guru Nanak (1469-1539) collections of his hymns were compiled and sent to Sikh communities for use in worship. Guru Nanak wrote 974 published hymns. His successor, Guru Anga... ... a guide or leader, it is Sikhism. It embodies every aspect of it and contains the teachings of those who created Sikhism and lead it. So, in a nutshell, the Guru Granth Sahib is the gateway to Sikhism and the religion could not exist or function without it. Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/rs/god/sikhrevelationrev3.shtml http://www.sikhs.org/art11.htm http://esikhs.com/ http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/microsites/1162_sikhs/sikhism/sikhism.htm http://sikhism.about.com/od/gurugranthsahib/p/Guru_Granth.htm http://www.time4truth.com/sikhism.htm http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/sikh/blfaq_sikh_india.htm http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/sikhism-articles/sikhism-and-contemporary-problems-of-religious-philosophy http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/sri-guru-granth-sahib-a-brief-history/

Sainsburys SWOT

The aim of this report is to analysis the financial performance of J Sainsbury plc by compare several ratios, in the view of an investor who seeking long term investment. Four sections will be illustrated, the background of Sainsbury, 10 ratio analysis, a suggestion of whether the company is worth to invest and a limitation of current financial statements and ratio analysis. J Sainsbury plc is the third largest chain company of supermarkets in the UK, which is generally known as Sainsbury’s. It takes over around 16. % in the UK supermarket sector and also has interests in property and banking (Bloomberg, 2011). Sainsbury’s was established by John James Sainsbury and his wife in London in 1869, and got a fast development during the Victorian era. SWOT analysis As one of the leading retailers in the UK, Sainsbury’s has a market share of around 16. 1% and serves over 19 million customers per week (J Sainsbury plc annual report, 2011). It has strengths in offering various services such as internet-based home delivery shopping services, which reach out to nearly 90% UK household. Strong presence in the UK imparts distinct competitive advantage and favorable market dynamics for Sainsbury’s, which facilitates revenue and business expansion growth prospects ‘(Datamonitor, 2010). It also has a significant advantage of providing portfolio renders that enables the company to have an increased sale. Besides, the company has a strong completive performance with offering discounts, compared to other retailer chains such as ASDA. However, Sainsbury’s has several weaknesses as well. One of them would be the limitation of market share. The company has generated all of its sales from UK, while the competitors, such as Tesco and Wal-Mart, have more equitable revenue generation from international operations, including areas of central Europe, Asia, and the US. They also have increased revenue in other industries like Tesco Bank, however, Sainsbury only has involved in retail industry (Datamonitor, 2010). Other weaknesses would be raising inflation and credit crisis resulted from the global economic showdown in recent years. As for some opportunities in the future, besides strategic shift in focus on expansion in emerging countries, the growth potential in the online distribution channel gets a jump. The potential market of the organic food in the UK has gotten an increase in recent years. ‘The UK organic food market grew by 3. 5% in 2010 to reach a value of $2,968. 3 million. By 2015, the market is forecast to have a value of $4,180. 8 million, an increase of 40. 8% since 2010’. The survey from Datamonitor said. As for Sainsbury’s, it is one of the largest companies of organic food market in the UK. The company markets more than 800 organic food product lines, with major growth about grocery, frozen foods and fresh meat. Threats always follow with opportunities. Sainsbury’s has to face competition from other major retailers like M&S and Tesco which have substantial operating base with Sainsbury’s (Datamonitor, 2010). The company might have to increase its cost for advertising or reduce prices because of such a competitive situation. However, it will cause declined profits and cannot get a great development for Sainsbury’s. The opportunities of Sainsbury’s growth might be limited by declined profits and sales growth Relevant ratios analysis The current ratio of Sainsbury’s has decreased from 66% in 2010 to 58% in 2011, resulted mainly from enhancive current liabilities. It is evident to find that the number of trade and other payables increased from 2,466 million pounds to 2,597 million pounds from the data of financial position. It might be because of global financial crisis of 2010 and purchasing 24 stores from the Co-operative (BBC, 2010). In short, it seems to decline the ability of debt paying. As for the Quick ratio, which assumes that inventory is not available as a part of the asset base to meeting the demands of immediate liabilities, there was a decrease from 41% to 31% between 2010 and 2011. It is fairer to consider investments for measuring the ability of meeting liabilities when combining the current ratio and the acid-test ratio. According to these figures, the funding liquidity of J Sainsbury plc is an indicator of plain performance in liquidity, because the data of current ratio is lower than 1 and that for quick ratio is lower than 0. 5. For instance, New Bristol Sainsbury's store is unstable in local business, and the study said the negative impact of the store, on Bristol City Football Club's ground, would outweigh any benefits (BBC, 2011). The gearing ratio displays the level of risks when investments happen. From the financial report of Sainsbury’s, it has an inconspicuous fall from 47% in 2010 to 43% in 2011 because the total shareholders’ equity got an increase from 4,966 million pounds to 5,424 million pounds. It looks that investors have to get lower profit margin, but it provided lower risks of investments and investors because higher gearing means a larger proportion of profits are used to pay interest on loans, instead of being reinvested or paid to shareholders. Therefore, it might be a good situation for most investors. In addition, Sainsbury's will create 20,000 new jobs over three years and the new jobs, which come after the creation of 13,000 jobs created in the last two years, will be at supermarkets and convenience stores across the UK(BBC, 2011). Most investors become more confident for Sainsbury’s. The operation capacity of Sainsbury’s can be reflected by the operating profit margin, which was 3. 56% in 2010 and 4. 03% in 2011. It is obvious to find that the ability of profit taking in Sainsbury’s went up between 2010 and 2011. The reason for this might be higher sales from 19,964 million pounds to 21,102 million pounds and higher profits. It is easy to find that from the news,’ In May 2010 Justin King announced that Sainsbury's pledged to involve each of its 850 stores in the promotion of the Paralympics after the multimillion-pound deal with the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games to be the main sponsor of the London 2012 Paralympic games’ (SkyNews, 2010) In terms of the return on capital employed ratio, it was 6. 4% in 2010 and 7. 47% in 2011. It is a result of increased total assets and some increasing in non-current assets such as property, plant and equipment between 2010 and 2011. According to the ROCE, the ability of value creation in J Sainsbury plc is very strong and fine management could be expressed. The asset turnover ratio plays a significant role in the target system of financial analysis. In the financial results of Sainsbury’s, it has a slight increase from 184% in 2010 to 185% in 2011. It means that the operating efficiency of total assets and marketing capacity in Sainsbury’s has become better, and then the company generated more profits. For example, Sainsbury's plans to open Whitchurch store and not only offer more jobs, but also get more profits (BBC, 2010). Conclusion In conclusion, J Sainsbury plc gets a great development in industries of supermarkets in UK, and it has an increase in its sales and higher profits. On the other hand, Sainsbury’s has utilized assets effectively and efficiently and had a strong management. However, compared to other competitors such as Tesco and Asda, it is lack of enough evident advantages such as profits of fast growth and strong capital turnover. The stable profit and lower risks can be provided if there are not better options. Limitation This report of J Sainsbury plc is limited by some factors such as quality of financial statements and inflation. Firstly, although all ratios from this report are based on financial statements of J Sainsbury plc annual report, some data which is excluded from usual financial statements such as human assets and internally-generated goodwill and brands is absent. Secondly, J Sainsbury plc annual report is between 2010 and 2011 so that the record from ratios only is a ‘snapshot’ of the business from 2010 to 2011. Thirdly, inflation is one of the most significant factors which affect the veracity and authenticity of this report. In recent years, the rate of inflation has kept up because of energy sources so that there is a time lag and it might cause the data of same parts in different years to display different trends.

Babylonia and the Law Code of Hammurabi

Babylonia (roughly, modern southern Iraq) is the name of an ancient Mesopotamian empire known for its math and astronomy, architecture, literature, cuneiform tablets, laws and administration, and beauty, as well as excess and evil of Biblical proportions. Control of Sumer-Akkad Since the area of Mesopotamia near where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers emptied into the Persian Gulf had two dominant groups, the Sumerians, and Akkadians, it its to as Sumer-Akkad. As part of an almost endless pattern, other people kept trying to take control of the land, mineral resources, and trade routes. Eventually, they succeeded. Semitic Amorites from the Arabian Peninsula gained control over most of Mesopotamia by about 1900 B.C. They centralized their monarchical government over the city-states just north of Sumer, in Babylon, formerly Akkad (Agade). The three centuries of their domination is known as the Old Babylonian period. The Babylonian King-God Babylonians believed the king held power because of the gods; moreover, they thought their king was a god. To maximize his power and control, a bureaucracy and centralized government were established along with the inevitable adjuncts, taxation, and involuntary military service. Divine Laws The Sumerians already had laws, but they were administered jointly by individuals and the state. With a divine monarch came divinely inspired laws, violation of which was an offense to the state as well as the gods. The Babylonian king (1728-1686 B.C.) Hammurabi codified the laws in which (as distinct from the Sumerian) the state could prosecute on its own behalf. The Code of Hammurabi is famous for demanding punishment to fit the crime (the lex talionis, or an eye for an eye) with different treatment for each social class. The Code is thought to be Sumerian in spirit but with a Babylonian inspired harshness. The Babylonian Empire and Religion Hammurabi also united the Assyrians to the north and the Akkadians and Sumerians to the south. Trade with Anatolia, Syria, and Palestine spread Babylonian influence further. He further consolidated his Mesopotamian empire by building a network of roads and a postal system. In religion, there wasnt much change from Sumer/Akkad to Babylonia. Hammurabi added a Babylonian Marduk, as chief god, to the Sumerian pantheon. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Babylonian compilation of Sumerian tales about a legendary king of the city-state of Uruk, with a flood story. When, in the reign of Hammurabis son, the horse-back invaders known as the Kassites, made incursions into Babylonian territory, the Babylonians thought it punishment from the gods, but they managed to recover and stayed in (limited) power until the beginning of the 16th century B.C. when the Hittites sacked Babylon, only to withdraw later because the city was too distant from their own capital. Eventually, the Assyrians suppressed them, but even that was not the end of the Babylonians for they rose again in the Chaldean (or Neo-Babylonian) era from 612-539 made famous by their great king, Nebuchadnezzar.

Diversity, Equality, Equity, And Mutual Respect - 952 Words

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Hip Hop The Rise Of The Post Hip Rap Generation

Molefi Asante is the author of It’s Bigger than Hip-Hop: The Rise of the Post Hip-Hop Generation. In this article, Asante predicts that the post-hip-hop generation will embrace social justice issues including women’s rights, gay’s rights, and the anti-war movement. To challenge these stereotypes, Asante speaks to the personification of the African-American ghetto and the need to stop glorifying black suffering. For Asante, the post-hip-hop generation no longer expects hip-hop to mobilize disenfranchised youth. Asante states, â€Å"The post-hip-hop generation shouldn’t wait for mainstream musicians to say what needs to be said†¦No movement is about beats and rhythms†¦. it must be bigger than hip-hop.† Because hip-hop is controlled by corporations, Asante says hip-hop will never be the focus of political change. 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Educational Psychology and Special Education Free Essays

What is the definition of a learning disability and who should qualify to be special education? What assessments should be made to be able to know what child belongs where? This is what we are going to explore in this paper. We want to see exactly who qualifies and how to go about assessing what needs can be met by choosing to place a child in special education or leaving in general education and making some modifications. The main point to remember for any child is doing the best we can for their success. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Psychology and Special Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learning disabilities are a bit tough to diagnose, the reason for this is because learning disabilities affects everyone differently. While one person may have difficulty with reading or writing another person may have trouble with math or following through with directions. â€Å"Researchers think that learning disabilities are caused by differences in how a person’s brain works and how it processes information† (Medicinenet, 2013) Usually the people with learning disabilities, such as Aspbergers, are highly intelligent and only have problems with how the brain sends the information, not being non-intelligent. IDEA states that â€Å"A learning disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia†. This encompasses a wide range of children and we have to figure out how to best assess whether these children should be put into special education, or if they could function better with modifications to the general education classroom. Because learning disabilities are so multidimensional the assessments must also be in order to properly diagnose what steps to take. One of the most important parts of assessment is to always keep everyone involved in the child’s life in the loop. Keeping open communication and checking often to see what is working and what is not is a vital key to the assessment process. Checking first who needs to be involved within the team and then going from there with making the plan and seeing if it works or what needs to be changed. It is important to find out first if the child truly has a learning disability, second the nature, specificity, and the severity of the learning disability to know how to proceed with it. If you do not know the extent you cannot do very well at teaching for their abilities when you do not know what is lacking. â€Å"Schools are required to implement a system of interventions before evaluating a child for a disability† (Logsdon, 2013) This is important because we do not want to put any child into a special education classroom without reason, this would not benefit that child at all. It is so important to know exactly what needs the child has and modify to try to benefit them before you place them. We must not simply send children to special education because the teacher does not want to deal with them. People tend to want to box people into certain categories and this just cannot happen with learning disabilities. A child who may have difficulty reading may be dyslexic, or they may simply not be being read to and worked with enough. They also may have moved into the country fairly recently and may be lacking because of a language barrier. There are 9 ways that are great for adapting instruction to be more easily understood by children with learning disabilities as stated by Teachers First. The first is adapting the size of what they are to read or do, then adapt the time for assignments and testing. Next, increase personal assistance by peer teaching, pairing students who are less adept with more advanced students. Fourth, is input, allow for more hands on types of teaching. Fifth, Adapt the skill level or the amount of problems that they must accomplish and change the output, how they respond to what was taught, such as drawing pictures, writing a story, or working with a computer program related to the lesson. Allow the child to participate in the lesson either mentally or physically to keep them on task. Alternate is the next one, adapt the goals and outcomes with the same  materials, tailor the lesson to the child’s needs and what they can handle, and lastly change curriculum if necessary. If the lesson is on the Vietnam war, you might be able to have them interview a person from the Vietnam war instead of having a discussion about it as they might get more out of that. It is all about our children and making the lessons understandable to them. An example of making adaptations to a lesson would be a child with vision impairment. For this child it is very difficult towards the end of the day to be able to read because her eyes are fatigued and cannot take much more strain. For this reason her parent is allowed to read to her and she can write her answers to questions because the child simply cannot do that for herself at the end of the day like the other children. She also has adaptations in her regular education classroom with magnifiers, a monitor by her desk to blow up what is on the board, all her books and papers are blown up, and she always sits in the front of the classroom. These are modifications for a visually impaired person who is very bright, but lacks some because of her vision impairment which creates the learning disability. â€Å"The world is full of examples of accommodations that permit people with disabilities to perform specific tasks they might not otherwise be able to. Drivers with poor vision wear glasses or contacts, elevators mark the buttons in Braille, and voters with disabilities may be given assistance by the person of their choice . † (Luke, Schwartz. 2010) We must do the same with our children. We need to take them and assess where their issues lie and do the best we can to create a successful learning environment for them! How to cite Educational Psychology and Special Education, Papers

Controversial Marketing Ethics free essay sample

They also purported that the Calcium level of a bowl of 360-ml soup vending was equal to 4 times of that in a cup of milk. [2] The company took how healthful the soup was as its selling point and deceived consumers the freshness of the soup. What it did is undoubtedly intolerant. Ajisen Ramen’s bad behavior was exposed after many reporters investigated to question the validity of its claims. Disappointedly, its representative professed the soup was made of concentrated soup powder. Yet, it is furious that the spokesman still emphasized the powder was made of fresh pork bones. 1] Besides, concentrated soup not consumed by customers was taken as the sample for testing but the company just quoted the gorgeous statistics without stating clearly what the sample was, masking the fact that there is only 48. 5 mg of Calcium in one bowl of selling soup. [2] Moreover, the company overuses food additives like Sorbitol threatening humans’ health[3] but it still insists the products are nutritious and under quality controls in its website. We will write a custom essay sample on Controversial Marketing Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [4] That Ajisen Ramen persistently performs wickedly is observable. Three frameworks, including values, stakeholders and processes could analyze Ajisen Ramen’s cheating activity. Processes are varieties used by marketing specialists such as studies and promotions. The company promotes the beauty of its soup by overstatements and tricky food tests, faking customers how its food advantages. Also, it is apparent that consumers are adversely influenced in the stakeholder-oriented framework, they were cheated by exaggerative figures about the Calcium level that led them to choose Ajisen Ramen for meals. For instance, food allergies and even hidden diseases might be attributed to chemicals in the powder after consuming frequently. Moreover, other competitors in food and beverage industry became less competitive as the concept of Ajisen Ramen selling food with better ingredients was in customers’ minds. From the acts by Ajisen Ramen, it is obvious that the company violates values, like honesty as it advertises with overstatements. Seeking profits out of its greed results in upsetting consequences of consumers’ bodies and eventually badly influence its own image. Several conditions sway Ajisen Ramen to infringe marketing ethics. It is a listed company and has to please its shareholders by increasing revenues. Despite this, it should not mislead customers by puffery since this leads to short-term success on profits but long-term failure on ethical images. Next, competitions in the everyday-expanding food industry are more drastic and there are lacks of legal controls by laws in Hong Kong. However, the company should not market falsely, promoting its products by amplified statements due to no official organizations to give the definitions of correct marketing measures.