Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment Law - Essay Example Summary Based on the information availed from this organization we get to know that the employer does not have a plan to deal with employees with different conditions. As a result, the employer must implement certain recommendations in line with organizational policy and management. One of the requirements that should be implemented is that the employee with AIDS should be recognized as disabled. Since according to the ADA act, disability cases are assessed on a case to case basis and this should include the employee suffering from AIDS. As a recommendation the employee suffering from AIDS should be accommodated according to the provisions of the ADA act (Goren, 2010). Moreover, the employer should identify with its employees that discrimination is not allowed within the workplace. As a result, the employer in this case should adhere to the provisions of the ADA and not to conduct HIV/AIDS testing at the workplace currently or in the future. In the process of preventing job disruptio n, the employer should come up with a strict adherence policy that allows all co-workers to work together irrespective of their medical condition (Goren, 2010). Apart from these recommendations, the employer in this case should come up with organizational policies that are meant to deal with these issues. One of the policy implementation points is to come up with a policy that allows for hiring of all kinds of employees and implementation of the ADA act. The employer should also implement a policy that allows all employees to learn all laws and policies that deal with workplace employment. This would assist the company to implement policies concerning disability within the company. Moreover, the company should come with a policy whereby co-workers are empowered with education concerning illnesses and disabilities. This policy will enable company employees to understand various issues concerning disabilities and make them more tolerant in interacting with either ill or disable patien ts (Blanck, 2009). The implementation of a non-discrimination policy for employees will assist in boosting the work and make it easy for supervisors to work with other employees. A non-discrimination policy will also greatly assist employees and the employer in respecting the rights of all workers in the wider scheme of implementing equal right as envisaged in different laws and regulations. The best plan to deal with these issues that have arisen in the workplace is to make use of employee training. The training plan will look into ways of ensuring scientific information is disseminated in the office and employees do not necessarily stigmatize other workers. The training plan will focus of risk assessment at the office and how to control exposure unto other employees in the company (Goren, 2010). Moreover, training should be provided on how to handle employees with AIDS in terms of work assignments and proper working conditions. Most AIDS afflicted individuals suffer greatly from s tigma and thus training will create an easy atmosphere of acceptance and work continuation (Blanck, 2009). Above all the training program is supposed to assure AIDS afflicted employees are guaranteed of work continuation and rights like all other employees. Training of employees on the risks, facts and information concerning AIDS gives a better

Three Accomplishments Essay Example for Free

Three Accomplishments Essay Describe your three most important accomplishments to date. You may address Civic Services, Community Services, and Volunteer work, if applicable, as well as work related experience: Three accomplishments: Coming to united States – Career Accomplishment Fulfilling the Family Responsibilities Starting a Charity – Social Accomplishment My childhood dream was to go to United States and study. So, I worked hard to get good grades. Unfortunately, in my second of college, June 1986, I met with a bus accident, which critically damaged my right hand. Subsequently, I completely lost my wrist movement. I could regain the arm movement by going though one year of physical therapy, however. The doctors informed me that I had to take a break from my studies if need be. I was upset, to say the least, though I did not lose my entire self-confidence. I began to practice writing with my left hand instead. Within three months, I was able to accomplish this. I wrote my second year exams and got distinction. Simultaneously attending college and physical therapy, I ultimately graduated without losing a year. Few years later, for the first time, when my feet touched the soil of USA, my joy knew no bounds. As a matter of fact, the feeling of triumph that I regained enabled me to see through any problem whatsoever. During my final year of college, July 1988, my father passed away. At that time, my younger brother and younger sister had not completed their studies, and so I felt that it was my responsibility to provide support to them. Therefore, I began to look for work, putting on hold my dream to go for higher studies. Financially supporting my family until my siblings were old enough to look after themselves; I did not regret my decision at all, despite the fact that many of my friends had obtained their postgraduate degrees from USA by that time. What I had gained was priceless, too: the pleasure of acting responsibly. One of my friends lost his eyes in an accident in Aug 2002. Seeing his misery, I decided to do something useful for blind people. So I actively participated in organizing charities and leading awareness programs for organ donation. I was also fortunate to start a charity in Vizag in Andharapradesh, India, on behalf of my mother in July 2006. At present, I am in talks with Shankar Eye Foundation in India to increase the number of eye surgeries. So long as I am helping myself and society, I believe I am accomplishing something.

Market Segmentation in Brazil

Market Segmentation in Brazil What is market segmentation? To identify target market we need to divide the market into small segments according to the consumer characteristics and their needs. This segmentation allows companies to gain higher market share or niche market. Why we need market segmentation? To enhance profits for business Some of the consumers have different types of nonrefundable income. So they are so much sensitive to the products price. By using market segmentation consumers can see average prices on the products. Therefore business will enhance the company’s profits. To give better chances for development of the business Normally market segmentation will increase sales. Consumers can be fortified to buy the product after some of introduction of the product lower price. To keep more customers Consumers’ environments change frequently. For an example they may get older, they find new jobs, they change their buying rates etc. Therefore marketing products needs to address different customer’s life cycles. Otherwise they switch to new products or brands. To enhance target market communication Companies need to deliver the products details to appropriate consumer spectators. If the target market share is too comprehensive, there is a high risk to that product. Because they miss some of the key consumers and also they increase their communicating cost as well. Therefore that may become the product unprofitable. So with the market segmentation we can target the best most valuable customers and reach them at lower communicating cost. To gain stake of the market If the company business hasn’t any strong position in the target market they are likely to be less profitable. If our production brand doesn’t have any scale of economy they are pressured by the other distributors and they limit their market share. So segmentation and targeting will gain more competitive position in the market. Also it will reduce the marketing costs as well. And also their product may become the most favored choice among the consumer groups. The main point is the segmentation will allow small and medium sized enterprise firms to strive with the large scaled enterprises firms. Target market or market segmentation in Brazil Target market: Brazil younger generation ranging age 18 to 39 We used these profilers to segment the market Geographic Demographic Psychographic Behavioral In recent years market research says that Brazil’s younger generation ranging from age 18 to 39 is more likely to drink Herbal tea. Because younger generation likely to try innovative products of tea as well as they more concern about their physical condition. This group has the largest segment at 69% of the total population (201 million). We choose younger generation because of they can be easily influenced by the media, they more likely to try new things. As a health and slim due women have a tendency to have more interested in herbal tea products rather than male. Both genders will see our products as a healthy beneficial beverage. According to the research, technology of the Brazil it is approximately 10.1% ahead of the global average. That means there are about 75,982,000 internet users in the country. And also their popular technology device is mobile phone. So by using majority of internet users and mobile phone users we can promote our product to their younger generation more easily. Because media is the best way we can influence them to buy our product. Market research shows that 68 percent of people are employed. Market research shows that 25 percent of the younger generation both female and male is working very long time. So they haven’t much time to bother about their physical condition. So we can influence them to use our herbal tea to maintain their physical condition. Research says that Brazil average household income and average personal income is above $10,000. That means they have a better income distribution, so they can buy our herbal tea product. And also Brazil education index is above the average for all world country education indexes. So they have better education system. So our product can be sold to the younger generation of Brazil easily. The marketing researches explain in 2018 the herbal tea consumption of Brazil will be 70% of their market size. Because now day’s younger generation will be mature in following years. So they know the health benefits of drinking herbal tea. So targeting the younger generation of Brazil will increase our sales and revenues. Life style is split consumers by their interests and hobbies. In Brazil they are much more likely to be healthy and likely to spend leisure time. Additionally, to the proposed tea product the main target group would be those who are likely to be healthy and like to consume healthy beverages. Usually younger generation like to have tea in the restaurant. Then we can offer our herbal tea product to them and we can tell them that our product will well-suited with any kind of food in the restaurants. When we considering social class most of the Brazilian people falls into the middle class. These middle class people are more likely to have an impending to purchase our herbal tea product. In addition the herbal tea product pricing should be acceptable to ensure that these middle class people will agree to the product price and to their average income factor. So we need to consider target market with relevant to the social class also. When considering geographic factor we can sell our herbal tea product in the university areas, restaurants near to the universities and workplaces. Buying behavior is another market segmentation type. Research shows that Brazil urban population growth increases 1.19 percent every year and their rural population decrease 0.89 percent every year. So their urban population is in a higher position. So we can targ et those urban areas to market our product. Normally 84 percent is the urban population of the total population. In most cases buyers buy benefits. Thus in order to address different consumer behaviors our herbal tea benefits needs to be tied up. So we need to segment our product with higher health benefits. Because younger generation like more value addition to their buying product and also they seek more benefits from one product. When considering behavioral segmentation we need to identify what is the product usage, type of the user etc. when bearing in mind some of younger Brazilians likely to have tea in the morning except black coffee. Because research shows that black coffee pretends to cause some diseases in human heart blood flow. Thus Brazil younger generation more like to maintain their physical conditions in a good way. Thus they more likely to be move to find some healthy productions. Therefore our herbal tea product will suit for that issue because already the younger generation moves from coffee to tea. Before we market our product we need to find out loyal consumers in Brazil. S o for that we need to do some secondary analysis of the tea providers in Brazil. Thus when we picked a country then we need to join some conferences where the Brazilian tea providers drive. After that we need to build some relationship with them and find some valuable consumers with their help. So this is the hard segmentation for any company. Benefit wanted is the other segmentation type. Market research says that many younger generation consumers in Brazil demands several benefits from one product. So our product will give healthy benefits as well as a nice soft drink to them. Benefits of market segmentation More competent advertising We can advertise the small market segments easily and more effectively. When we segment the market we inherently segment the marketing decisions as well. Then we can use some magazines, blogs and websites to market the product. Segments will generate new focus to the company If company can hit the right segment earlier they can adjust their business to focus for more paybacks. In this way companies design a new product based on the new segments and with a thinner focus. For an example, beverage companies focus on healthy factor of their products. Increase the focus of the company Segmentation is an effective and efficient mechanism to enhance the focus of a firm based on market segments. If the company has healthier focus they can earn improved outcomes. If the companies can focus market segments with their strategy they can gain more profits and more market share.

Terror of the Middle Passage :: Slavery

A popular literature has painted this part of the slave experience as uniquely evil and inherently more inhuman that any of the others horrors of the slave life(Klein 130). Slaves were taken from their homes and was forcibly traded.One cannot, of course, mention the Middle Passage without eliciting the horrors of tightly packed men, women and children chained together, to keep them from rebelling, or from choosing the suicidal fate of jumping overboard. The mortality of captives in Africa, therefore, included not only losses among those headed for export at the Atlantic coast but the additional losses among those destined for export to Orient among those captured and transported to serve African masters(Engerman and Inkori 117). The death that the slaves went through while they were being shipped was crucial and insane. It shows how the Middle Passage was the most terrifying journey for the slaves. The terror of the slaves in the manner in which they was carried and the mortality tha t they suffered, proves how the slaves was treated ruthlessly during the Middle Passage. Klein indicates the slavers carried 1.6 slaves per registered ship’s ton, with 5 to 7 square feet of deck area given to each slave. Most of the ships were outfitted with partial decks and platforms in the space below, the main deck and above the second or between the deck (Klein 132).The ships were different lengths and could hold only a certain amount of weight. The Brooks weighed 300 tons, and it held about 609 slaves. This arrangement gives a deck estimate at over 3,000 square feet, which provided an average of just under 7 square feet per slave. The LaVigilante is shown at 240 tons with 347 slaves and probably marks the lowest bound estimate with a deck area that results in 5.6 square feet per slave(Klein 133). Most slaves were crammed in into their designed spaces like loaves of bread on a shelf, with an average of six to seven square feet and rarely more than two or three feet of head space (Postma 23). Many slaves who, were in their nakedness, crouched on the lower ba ck. Men slaves were generally shackled two by two , making movement extremely difficult, and small groups were strung together by longer chains to take them to the upper deck for meals and fresh air. Women and children were generally confined to a separate deck space or in cabins and allowed greater mobility(Postma 23).

Ethical and Legal Issue Essay

How personal and societal values can influence ethical decision- making process when nurses are faced with ethical issues, nursing has long advocated a nonjudgmental approach to care. Nurses need to able to apply ethical principle in decision- making and consider their own values and belief and the values and belief of the client. As nurses we have the responsibility to protect the right of the client by acting as client advocate. According with Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb (2006) values are freely chosen, enduring belief or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action. Freedom, courage, family, and dignity are example of values. Blais it al (2006) stated that values frequently derive from a person’s cultural, ethic, and religious background; from societal tradition; and from the values held by peer group and family. In the malpractice case, she faced with an ethical-legal conflict; ethical and legal conflicts are not synonymous. There are times in professional practice when the legal requirement does not appear compatible with ethical approach. Nurses may place themselves in legal jeopardy when they opt for what they see as the ethical or â€Å"right† thing to do, in spite of what is inherent in the law as that apply. In this case the nurse has acted as a client advocate and notify to the admintration about the situation she was witnessed. She may be was influenced by societal values, of human life and individual right. In Marianne case we as nurse have to respect family decision but at the same time patient values by been advocate by remind them to keep in mind what would has Marianne wishes.

Family Narratives About Child Obesity Essay

A growing interest in psychological approaches to the treatment of childhood obesity has led to an â€Å"increased demand for insights into the psychological drives related to the development of obesity† and to the motivation in families with obese children (pg 183). Reports suggest that childhood obesity affects both the physical and the psychological health of the child, and the family is the main cause. There is very little research done on how to prevent childhood obesity. Children undergoing treatment for obesity are dependent on both the family’s practical (socio-economical and lifestyle) and psychological (emotions and attitude) support. Thus, the purpose of this research was to â€Å"elucidate aspects of the family’s interactions and its understanding of who has a weight problem, of whom the family feels ought to change their health-related behavior (diet and exercise)† (pg. 188) METHOD Participants From November 2001 to November 2005, 100 families with obese children participated in the treatment project. The families were to include a 10 to 12-year old child whose weight was more than 40% above the weight-to-height ratio for children, and the family was willing to participate for one and a half years in treatment. Children were referred from school nurses, teachers or practitioners. Each family participated in a one-hour introductory interview, with only 53 of the interviews actually being completed. Procedure There were three analyses that were comprised for the research: qualitative (family narratives), one for the families’ socio-demographic condition, and the third was the â€Å"ways in which the various narratives are represented in families from different socio-demographic backgrounds† (pg. 192). During the interview, participants responded to questions: â€Å"What does your family think are the causes to the child being overweight? Why do you (the child) want to lose weight (What is the motivation)? Who is going to change anything concerning the eating habits in the family? What is the education of the mother/father?† (pg. 199) Finally an analysis of the relationship between the described narratives and the three educational categories was carried out, based on their percentile distribution in the sample. RESULTS In the first part of the analysis attention was directed to whether or not a family mentioned causal factors that may have influenced the child’s weight development (internally). Factors claimed by a family as influencing the development of excess weight that are clearly causal explanations were diet, exercise, and psychology (comfort eating, boredom, etc.). â€Å"Almost all families (91%) stated that they had played a part in the development of their children’s obesity. Many of the parents (59% of the mothers and 22% of the fathers) had experience in trying to lose weight by dieting† (pg 201). The dietary factors specified by families as having played a part in the development of the child’s obesity was overeating unhealthy food. The second part was the external influences: The family claimed to have had no influence on the development of their child’s obesity. Narratives belonging to this area of research fall into three categories: genetics, previous illness, and incomprehensible (the family had no clue as to why their child was obese.). All families had a short-term perspective on motivation for wanting to change their child’s weight development. Most of the families who also had a long-term perspective on motivation belonged to the two groups with the highest educational level. ‘More than three-quarters of the families (78%) believed their child’s overweight to be a family problem and that the whole family must participate in lifestyle modification† (pg 204). Half of the families (54%) felt that the child must assume responsibility of exercising. DISCUSSION It is suggest that more studies be conducted, mainly due to the fact that most of the families that were studied had relatively short educations. Contrary to expectations, there was no association between the parents believing that they had no influence on their child’s weight development and their feeling that it was the child alone who must act and change its behavior.

“Why We Crave Horror Movies” by Stephen King Essays

â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies† by Stephen King Essays â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies† by Stephen King Paper â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies† by Stephen King Paper In the essay â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies†, Stephen King provided reasons why people want to watch horror movies. He said that some people go to horror movies to re-establish some sense of normality; some people watch them because they like to have fun and some just simply to prove to others that they can (1). I agree with his view that going to movies re-establishes some sense of normality in some people. In everyday living, people encounter certain problems and situations which would lead them to believe that they are separated from the norms of reality and that they needed to reconnect, they needed some sense of validation that they are still normal. Horror movies provide that validation. Clearly, everybody knows that horror movies are nothing but a figment of one’s imagination which came to life in the screen. Upon seeing the bizarre scenes which wreck havoc to the actors, the viewers may think and feel that the particular story is so ‘abnormal’ and by feeling so they themselves feel normal. King, on the other hand, finds it somewhat unusual for other people to crave horror movies because they think that it is fun. He finds it odd that a person can have fun by seeing someone being killed by a serial killer or a monster, even if it is inside the screen. I disagree with the author. Fun is relative. What may be fun and exciting to one person might not be to another and besides, wanting to see horror movies does not make the person as twisted as the onscreen killer. Some people are just looking for ways to satisfy a certain monstrous feeling inside and some are merely craving for excitement in their lives; they might just be looking for a reason to scream from the top of their lungs and that does not make them odd, if anything it even makes them even more normal, they are humans. It is King’s position that all people are mentally ill and that those people outside the asylum only hide it much better and maybe not much better after all (1). I also agree with the author in this statement. The standards of what normal is have been defined by numerous people claiming that they are normal. In a topsy-turvy world, if countless of people from mental institutions say that they are normal would that reverse the standards of normality? Insanity and sanity is just a hairline way, anybody can crossover anytime. In some ways people are mentally ill and those who are not are exposed to the danger of being a mentally-ill person himself. Horror movies allow people to release that insanity in people because by watching, they experience certain things beyond the norms that can only be experienced in horror movies and they can feel what they want to feel without any repercussions reflecting in their real life.   In order to release certain amount of inhibitions and maybe perhaps that little bit of insanity in people, the gators must always be fed otherwise it is going to get out. King in his essay compared feeding the gators to watching horror movies. People watch horror movies to maintain the norms of reality outside the screen thus leaving the insanity inside together with the movie. The author said that horror movies, like the sick joke, appeals to all that is worst in us and I agree to that as well (2). A horror movie in a way releases our fears and allows us to experience the extreme. I think that one of the reasons why some individuals want to watch horror movies is that no matter what danger, fear and excitement they experience, they have the element of control unlike the poor victim dumped inside the alley. They can stop whenever they want and that is the beauty of it. Horror movies will not bother them outside the screen. The horror stops when they want it to stop. King, Stephen. â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies†. 10 April 2009. http://iws.ccccd.edu/jdoleh/English%201301/Why%20We%20Crave%20Horror%20Movies.pdf

A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay Example

A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay Example A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay introduces the story; Lolita, or the Confession of a White Widowed Male,(Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 3) as written by a middle-aged European pedophile named Humbert Humbert. The essentials of this title immediately strike you as controversial considering that a lolita is a promiscuous young girl and a confession is an admission of ones sins. Hum is viewed as the victimizer by others, but views himself as the victim. He blames Lolita for his disposition, but also feels responsible for causing Lolita so much pain. How can a twelve-year-old girl have so much power over an adult? Who is the victim and who is the victimizer? In the following essay this topic of discussion will be examined thoroughly as we explore Humbert and his love interest, Lolita. The novel is written in first person narrative which creates a pragmatic depiction of Humbert; an obsessive, disillusioned and deviant character. He is full of contradictions and says I knew I had fallen in love with Lolita forever; but I also knew she would not be forever Lolita. (Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 7) which meant that he was conscious of the situation he was entering, however he made an excuse for himself to ease his conscious. In part one, you are taken back in time to Hums childhood where you are introduced to his Howell 2 childhood sweetheart, Annabelle. It then becomes evident that his obsession with Lolita started with Annabelle. He was hau nted by the memories of his lost love, therefore the only way to kill Hums pain was to incarnate Annabelle with another. Upon meeting Lolita, Humbert immediately recognizes the similarity between the two. Lolita was a fatal consequence of that princedom by the sea in my tortured past. (Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 11) Humbert becomes obsessed with Lolita, this obsession is displayed through his actions, behavior, dialect and need for total control. Humbert manipulates and controls Lolita, as well as others in the novel and even the reader, exhibited by directly addressing them as his jury. Humbert rationalizes with the reader about his obsession with Lolita, manipulating them into thinking he is mentally ill and does not know that his actions are wrong. This is precisely what his plan is; to get the readers to sympathize with him. Humbert starts his manipulation with Lolitas mother, Charlotte, who falls madly in love with him. He recognizes the opportunity to take advantage of Charlottes endearment for him and decides to trick Charlotte into thinking that he is in love with her and marries her to stay close with Lolita. However he does not succeed in doing this because Charlotte is jealous of the affection Lolita receives from Humbert. He successfully ridicules Charlotte for example, as a representative middle class american uffoon but he fails to see that her very inadequacines expose him as well. In some ways Charlotte is very much like Humbert. Charlottes hopeless passion for Humbert for example parallels Humbert for Lolita. Despite Humberts ridicule ,Charlottes romantic feelings are not so different from his, belying his claims that his ecstasies are special. (Wallace, Howell 3 4:2493-2494) Charlotte is very selfish, materialis tic and easily influenced by media. Charlotte Haze has her perceptions and her mode of expression shaped by soap operas, psychoanalysis and cheap novelettes. Humbert is familiar with the patterned experiences and cliched phraseology of these forms and is able to use his knowledge to deceive Charlotte. (Winston, 4:2487) As a writer, Humbert is able to use his literary skills to create Charlottes perfect romantic fantasy, enabling him to be intimate with Lolita without Charlotte noticing. Eventually Charlotte becomes jealous when the majority of Hums attention is directed to Lolita and sends her to summer camp, with proceeding plans to send her to boarding school when she returns home. When Charlotte reveals er plans, Humberts obsession with Lolita comes to an extreme when he considers killing Charlotte for the sole purpose of being next to Lolita. Ironically, Charlottes jealousy leads her to find out the truth of Humberts feelings towards Lolita and in an attempt to expose him for the pedophile he really is, it struck by a vehicle and killed.? Lolita is much like her mother in her fondness for Humbert. Her admiration for him is visible th roughout the book. For example, Lolita has various scribbling and doodles of the two of them together on the walls of her room and the cliched DL HH, enclosed in a heart, carved into her headboard. She also make her adoration evident by the affection she displays. She never leaves his side when they are together and is very flirtatious with him. When Humbert picks Lolita up from Summer Camp after her mothers death, Lolita informs Humbert that she had been unfaithful to him by experimenting sexually with a boy from camp. Lolita is seemingly mature for her age, and is referred to by Humbert as a nymphet. This allegation proves true by her promiscuity at camp Howell 4 and her vampish behavior. Humbert shares with us that he was not at fault in his relationship with Lolita and that it was her who seduced him. This could very easily be regarded as truth due to the path of action she takes. For example, in the Enchanted Hunters hotel room the morning after she returns from camp Lolita questions Humberts past relationships and asks him if he has ever had sex as a child. When he answers no, she proceeds to copulate with him. Humbert states that, for her, sex was just another activity between children, unconnected to what adults do behind closed doors. Lolita likes to play on Humberts emotions, she will intentionally tease him then push him away when he gets close. She often contradicts her actions by threatening to tell the police that Humbert raped her after having sex with him. Lolita constantly hurts Humbert with her indifference and rebuffs him when he pleads for her affection. Humbert often buys gifts for Lolita as an attempt to keep her interested in him. Humbert eventually comes to realize that his continual sexual activity with Lolita has given her an impression that attracts other men and boys. He ries to prevent Lolita from having any other interaction with the male species, and allows Lolita to interact with other girls her age and participate in select activities like horseback riding, tennis and theater in exchange for sexual favors. Humbert often bribes Lolita with money in exchange for intercourse. Humbert emphasizes to Lolita that if she turns him in for rape she will become a ward of the state and be enrolled in t he state-run reformatory school. His desire for Lolita is so strong that he neglects her feeling as a human being, keeping her just content enough to still want intercourse with him. Lolita is very deviant and is able to convince Humbert to take her away on a road trip to Howell 5 wherever she wants to go. He assumes that she just wants to be with him and agrees, little does he know that Lolita has planned to escape him and elope with another man. Lolitas theatrical experience makes it easy for her to deceive Humbert. He observes a man, which seemed to be following them on their journey, but dismisses it for a hallucination. Lolita had been in contact with the man the whole time her and Humbert were traveling. Lolita soon convinces Humbert that she is ill and is taken to a hospital. Humbert decides to stay in a motel close to the hospital, and when he returns to retrieve Lolita, he is informed that she had already been checked out by another relative. This whole plot Lolita had planned provides useful information about her character, taking on the assertion that she had manipulated Humbert into thinking that she was in love with him. Deceiving him so that he would not be suspicious of her other lover. This proves that Lolita was the more manipulative of the two in a romantic setting. Although Lolita had toyed with Hums emotions and pretended to love him, she could have suffered from adolescent bipolar disorder, but was never diagnosed with it. Lolita had almost all of the common symptoms of early-onset bipolar disorder; marked irritability, frequent mood swings, impulsivity, restlessness, silliness, aggressive behavior, rages and explosive temper tantrums, oppositional behavior, grandiosity, hypersexuality, confusion, manipulative behavior, bossiness, lying, and depressed moods. While there is continuing debate over the validity of the diagnosis of mania in hildren, since 1994 a number of systematic clinical investigations and family/ genetic studies have begun to shed light on the presentation and naturalistic course of childhood-onset bipolar disorder, suggesting a developmentally different Howell 6 presentation in young children as compared to its adult form. Adult-onset and juvenile-onset forms of BPD have certain similar features and comorbidities in common, but in the juvenile form of the disorder, the complexities wrought by the frequent overlap of symptoms with other disorders that are far more commonly iagnosed in childhood has had a confounding affect on clinical diagnostic practice for years. (Papolos, Cockerham, Hennen) If she had had this disorder, it could explain why she had been back and fourth with Humbert. She was often irritated with him and often had mood swings after intercourse. Given this information about Lolita were true, it would be in irony that Humbert was suffering from an illness of the same type, trying to make the reader believe that he was indeed mentally ill. Some may think that Humberts relationship with Lolita would be the primary cause of her bipolar nature. However, Lolita displayed signs of adolescent bipolar disorder far before their first sexual encounter. In spite of Lolitas voiced desire for Humbert, Humbert should not have exploited Lolita either. He knew from the beginning that his feeling for her were wrong. Although pedophilia remains illegal, and our culture still considers it morally wrong, recent changes in the APAs own diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) have reopened the discussion of the psychological dimension of pedophilia. History of the Diagnosis. In the DSM-III, the American Psychiatric Association contended that merely acting upon ones rges toward children was considered sufficient to generate a diagnosis of pedophilia. (Rind) Howell 7 The years after Lolita left were spent being studied by psychologists in various sanitariums for not only the exploitation of young girls, but the Murder of Claire Quincy, Lolitas other Lover. Humbert would have then been labeled a pedophile and received medical help to cure him. However, he also exhibited severe skitzotypical behavior, therefore making it near impossible to diagnose him. He would purposely take on symptoms he did not have, make up illusions, and lie about dreams and thoughts he had, causing a falsified diagnostic. Instead of accepting that he had an illness, Humbert wanted to keep his and Lolitas affair sacred. He may have also had a personality complex which is exhibited in his paranoia and fits of rage, which would explain why he killed Quincey so violently. In conclusion, both Humbert and Lolita were possible victims of mental illness which would have caused them to behave out of the normal character. Each one abused the other, Humbert in pursuing and obsessing over Lolita and Lolita in encouraging Humberts desires for her and making him think that it was acceptable to do so. Humbert really did love Lolita, despite the relationships immorality and was extremely hurt when he had found out that Lolita left him for another man. Humbert is the hero with the tragic flaw. Humbert is every man who is driven by desire, wanting his Lolita so badly that it never occurs to him to consider her as a human being, or as anything but a dream-figment made fleshwhich is the eternal and universal nature of passion.

Case Study Doing Business In China Marketing Essay

Case Study Doing Business In China Marketing Essay Although the times have changed, the citizens of the United States cannot help but recollect on the history of an unstable political system, corruption, environmental degradation, the lack of intellectual property protection and last, but not least, a variety of different cultures in the far East; so with that said, why would any American business organization want to pursue business in China? What was once a small-town audio store called Sounds of Music had an epiphany back in 1966 that has currently yielded pay dirt. Nearly twenty years later, Sounds of Music transformed into an electronic conglomerate known as Best Buy Inc, Co. This S & P Fortune 500 company is currently known as the largest consumer electronics retailer in the United States. Best Buy chose to pursue this â€Å"uphill battle† due to the fact that it was near impossible for them to ignore their ever growing free market economy and the urbanization that is taking place within it. Best Buy is sophisticated en ough to distinguish between what makes them profitable within the United States and what will make them unsuccessful in other parts of the world, in particular to this study, China. In order to truly understand China and the complexities of expanding there, one must know how to do business in China. It may sound implausible to the average domestic business man/woman to think there is much of a difference in doing business in China, than what it is here in the United States, but it is indeed a credible fact. Developing a SWOT analysis could aid in the many challenges of trying to conduct business in China, but this evaluative method doesn’t change intangible circumstances such as time and return on investment. Best Buy had both of these conditions present during their feasibility study. Realizing the opportunistic possibilities and competitive advantage of the situation, Best Buy didn’t hesitate to conduct thorough due diligence before doing business in China. This pape r will discuss some of the important aspects of their research as it covers the basic understanding of doing business in China and how Best Buy emerged from being just a face in the crowd to achieving commendable status in Shanghai, China. This report will elaborate on Best Buy’s experience as they try to tap into a foreign market for the first time ever knowing that the potential risk could be irreversibly negative. Best Buy Inc, plans to prove that it is indeed possible to enter into the Chinese Market for consumer electronics. Best Buy announced on April 1, 2006 that they would be opening their first branded store in China. Best Buy did not just enter the market but they were wise about it as well. They wanted to hedge the risks involved in any possible way. On May 12, 2006, the company made a purchase of a majority stake in Jiangsu Five Star, which is the fourth biggest Chinese appliance and electronics retailer. By purchasing this majority stake, Best Buy saved a tremend ous amount of time that is necessarily needed to create a comparable sized organization through grown. They now had their presence in China in 136 stores, as well as the close to 1,000 stores that they have successfully opened in both the United States and Canada. The purchase of this stake also helped Best Buy get a feel of what Chinese customer’s needs and wants were.

The effectiveness of international criminal law demands clarity in Coursework

The effectiveness of international criminal law demands clarity in respect of the law and jurisdiction and fairness in its enforcement requiring state support. Discuss - Coursework Example International criminal law (ICL) is not an old maxim. The concept generally emerged after the occurrence of World-War II. However, even after more than 50 years of its development, the law is still subjected to numerous contentions and controversies. Several international lawyers strongly believe that ICL lacks uniformity and autonomy that makes quite difficult for its widespread application. At the same time, it is debated that ICL has complex and rigid impact on the sovereignty of a nation. The major sources of ICL are identified to be treaties, Customary International Law (CIL), general principle of law, judicial decisions and learned writing. The scope and operation of these sources of ICL in establishing liability for crimes are argued to be not clarified. The role of International Criminal Courts (ICCs) in prosecuting the international grave crimes such as genocide, war crime and crime against humanity are claimed to be extremely important. However, according to the principle o f complementarity, ICCs are entitled to intervene and criminalise crime only when states are unable or unwilling to provide proper jurisdiction1. Against this backdrop, the study discusses about the effectiveness of ICL, which demands clarity in respect of the law and jurisdiction and fairness in its enforcement requiring state support. International criminal law (ICL) is a discrete body or subsection of public international law. In general, international law deals with inter-state relations, while ICL is paradigmatically related with restrictions placed to individuals. More specifically, international law defines responsibilities of individuals rather than states. Correspondingly, the individuals who are imposed with responsibilities are prohibited and punished according to international mechanism wherein their acts are deemed to be violation or crime under international

Week 8 discussion posts 6500 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 8 discussion posts 6500 - Assignment Example You can introduce this idea to your preceptor and if it is viable you can implement it, I hope it will be a solution to one of your challenges. Your post on this week’s discussion topic is great and inspiring. It is encouraging to learn that your objectives were achieved as early as you started working on your project. I have great interest in reading your posts because I believe your project; â€Å"Reducing Acting-Out Behavior with Therapeutic Communication† is based on a very important subject in the medical world. On your challenges, I believe that you already have a solution, you will be able to attract a willing audience once you utilize the knowledge you have which you have mentioned in your post. â€Å"It requires me to not only think about what I am teaching, but also how students are perceiving what I am teaching†¦ no one group of learners is going to all learn†¦ requires a variety of strategies in order to be effective (Billings & Halstead, 2012).† I believe if become more diverse such as changing the environment or using different activities such as games to educate the learners you will be able to finish the rest of the project. I enjoyed reading your post and I believe your project is on the right track as you near the end. Reading your post, made me realize that you are really enjoying your practicum project. This is the first step towards success, as you get to do ‘your best at your best’. It is always important to plan about the project evaluation early as this is a very important step in realizing your objectives. I understand that you have already come up with the â€Å"clinical evaluation tool† that you will use during evaluation; similar to my project, I have also adopted by creating my own evaluation tools. This gives you ample time to go through it with your preceptor and eliminate any errors. Simulation, is the next best thing to real practice, my advice would be to take it positively and see yourself in the

Do high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better Essay

Do high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better performance Discuss with reference to key academic studies in this area - Essay Example The two methods chosen are high road and low road methods. The high road method implements strategies through innovative management techniques to enhance internal productivity of employees while the low road gives importance to downsizing and contracting out. These methods have been formulated in the wake of privatisation which gives less emphasis to widely accepted public values like responsiveness to changing requirements of citizens and the need to maintain high standard of productivity among workforce. Privatization has led to poor productivity and performance and the local government aim to contract back to mitigate the bids of companies that exhibit dissatisfied results. The contacting back of privatized companies to the public sector has shown improvement and better performance because these companies were handled with innovative methods of labor management cooperation. In addition to the new management method, better performance of employees was availed by the public sector a t comparatively low cost. Thus, the adoption of the high road strategy has resulted in better cooperation and performance because the workers were given the opportunity to work under lesser risk and greater social rewards. Internal management reform is of significance where the trust of the employees can be won to increase their performance. The adoption of high road strategy results in the production of better quality products and better service which is essential for any organisation to stay ahead in a competitive marketplace. The trust of employees can be enhanced by providing the required training which will transform them into a highly committed workforce. Better performance of the organisation will lead to higher wages for workers, cooperative worker-employer relations and an innovative and productive working environment. The high road method attract high quality workers due to better wages and good

Assignment 5.2 Visual Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 5.2 Visual Argument - Essay Example However, the dictionary’s definition gives more details because union is a multi-faceted term. The dictionary adds a few examples too related to different aspects of union. Formation of unions has been a common way to achieve common goals and objectives. Unions provide many considerable benefits to the members. Some of those benefits include achievement of goals, platform for raising voice, better working conditions, and better salary packages. There are different types of unions that serve their respective members. Some common examples of unions include labor unions, trade unions, and political unions. Labor unions are usually formed for getting better salary packages and labor rights. Trade unions are formed for getting better working conditions. On the other hand, political unions are formed for government formation, as well as for getting political benefits during

Counseling Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling Needs - Essay Example The diagram on the next page illustrates the framework to be followed by me as the counsellor. The figure shows the interrelationship between the client and the counsellor, within the content and process influences that impact upon the individual, with the collaboration and intervention of the counsellor. I should work closely with policy makers in the organization, based on the theory by Savickas, Van Esbroeck and Herr that career guidance is a socio-political instrument for advancing organizational goals while helping the individual to realize a personally satisfying career (Patton & McMahon, 2006:231). The policy makers set the organizational system, which functions inside the social and environmental/societal systems. Working in the system side by side with the individual is the counsellor, who uses a collaborative and negotiating technique that makes up the pro-active approach. The counsellor finds out the policies and objectives in the organization, and helps the individual to adjust to the constantly changing organization.

Do high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better Essay

Do high levels of trust between workers and management lead to better performance Discuss with reference to key academic studies in this area - Essay Example The two methods chosen are high road and low road methods. The high road method implements strategies through innovative management techniques to enhance internal productivity of employees while the low road gives importance to downsizing and contracting out. These methods have been formulated in the wake of privatisation which gives less emphasis to widely accepted public values like responsiveness to changing requirements of citizens and the need to maintain high standard of productivity among workforce. Privatization has led to poor productivity and performance and the local government aim to contract back to mitigate the bids of companies that exhibit dissatisfied results. The contacting back of privatized companies to the public sector has shown improvement and better performance because these companies were handled with innovative methods of labor management cooperation. In addition to the new management method, better performance of employees was availed by the public sector a t comparatively low cost. Thus, the adoption of the high road strategy has resulted in better cooperation and performance because the workers were given the opportunity to work under lesser risk and greater social rewards. Internal management reform is of significance where the trust of the employees can be won to increase their performance. The adoption of high road strategy results in the production of better quality products and better service which is essential for any organisation to stay ahead in a competitive marketplace. The trust of employees can be enhanced by providing the required training which will transform them into a highly committed workforce. Better performance of the organisation will lead to higher wages for workers, cooperative worker-employer relations and an innovative and productive working environment. The high road method attract high quality workers due to better wages and good

Counseling Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Counseling Needs - Essay Example The diagram on the next page illustrates the framework to be followed by me as the counsellor. The figure shows the interrelationship between the client and the counsellor, within the content and process influences that impact upon the individual, with the collaboration and intervention of the counsellor. I should work closely with policy makers in the organization, based on the theory by Savickas, Van Esbroeck and Herr that career guidance is a socio-political instrument for advancing organizational goals while helping the individual to realize a personally satisfying career (Patton & McMahon, 2006:231). The policy makers set the organizational system, which functions inside the social and environmental/societal systems. Working in the system side by side with the individual is the counsellor, who uses a collaborative and negotiating technique that makes up the pro-active approach. The counsellor finds out the policies and objectives in the organization, and helps the individual to adjust to the constantly changing organization.

Marginal Concept Essay Example for Free

Marginal Concept Essay Some land might be very good for producing certain crops rich in nutrients and easy to access and work. This land is likely to be used first for any cultivation because the relationship between the cost of producing the crop and the return gained from selling it will be highest. However, land that is not so good will be taken into cultivation if certain conditions allow. These conditions could be a rise in the price of the crop concerned or a means of either reducing the cost of producing the crop (perhaps through a greater understanding of how to maximize crop yield). Alternatively, it could be through some technological development that raises productivity (output per acre) or yield (for example, through breeding, selection and genetic modification). The capital cost of exploiting this resource is very high and at the margin is only worth investment if the return from one extra barrel of oil is greater than the cost of extracting it. The cost of exploiting the oil sands is relatively high. The separation of the oil from the sand is capital intensive, and then there have to be refineries that will process the oil into its constituent parts. Added to this is the cost of reclaiming the land and replanting it. Oil prices are determined by an international market. The demand for oil has been rising in recent years. There is, at the moment, plenty of oil available but the ability of the world to extract oil and to process it is where the problem lies. At present, we simply do not have the processing capacity to refine oil to keep up with the rising demand, which is why the price has risen so dramatically. (There are other reasons, of course concern over Middle East politics, the turmoil throughout the Middle East†¦etc).As the price rises, marginal oil reserves those that exist but are relatively expensive to exploit become viable. It is certainly the case that non-renewable resources remain exactly that non-renewable but as technology develops and as resources become more scarce in relation to demand, the market will lead companies to look to exploit resources that may have been considered impossible to extract or which were simply too costly to produce. It is all down to decisions at the margin. Questions 1. Most of Europe’s coal mines have closed down. There are still large reserves of coal available. Under what circumstances would you envisage businesses opening up coal mines and exploiting these resources? 2. Discuss the relevance of marginal concepts to the destruction of the rain forest. 3. How might an understanding of marginal concepts help to establish strategies to conserve as opposed to destroying natural resources?

The Benefits Of Initiating An Information System Information Technology Essay

The Benefits Of Initiating An Information System Information Technology Essay A business information system is a group of interrelated components that work collectively to carry out input, processing, output, storage and control actions in order to convert data into decision making and operational activities in an organisation Source: Business Information Systems, technology, development and management for the e-business. (p.43) The reasons behind an organisation usually initiating an Information System can be put down to a business opportunity or problem and or the strategic advantage over its rival businesses in order to grow and survive in a competitive environment. A key question for an organisations reasoning behind whether or not to initiate an information system is, what would be the consequence of not having the proposed information system? The benefits of initiating an information system are, Some benefits to consider when an organisation is thinking of initiating an Information System are the 5 Cs of Senn (1995) Cost reduction: This is often the main objective in the introduction of a new system. Capability: being capable of achieving something which was not possible before. Communication: try to improve internal and external communications with costumers and suppliers. Control: better information delivery on things like performance. Competitive advantage: having the edge in a competitive market is vital to staying ahead or keeping up with the industry. A feasibility study. Before any organisation initiates an information System they must carry out a feasibility study. This is to establish whether the business problem or opportunity can be solved by introducing the new system and to check that it benefits the overall business strategy. This may involve two separate steps. The first, establishing an overall feasibility report of a project, to establish the objectives and the needs for a new system. Once it is decided that the whole project is worthwhile then a more in depth evaluation will be carried out and a list of different solutions will be drawn up. There is a sequence of activities which is undertaking during the initiation phase of any information system project. Assessing feasibility is arguably the most important step of the initiation phase. This involves a cost-benefit analysis and the effect on the organisation from having the new information system. Defining the business objectives and outlining systems requirements. The need for critical success factors (CSF) is valuable to help align business objectives with the new system. Evaluating acquisition alternatives, this will go through different aspects such as performance, suitability and cost from different suppliers. Defining scope involves specific system boundaries by describing which part of the business will be affected by the new system. Defining responsibilities to allow time for the final users of the system and managers input must be set aside along with the system developers. Assessing the risk involved to identify any potential problems which may affect the project and cause it to fail and taking precautions against this. Identifying the constraints and developing the project plan is useful for the estimating and planning of the initial project plan. This will take into account the size and the complexity and establish a preliminary timescale and also budget. The basis for a good business. Information systems are the basis for a lot of businesses. Most industries rely on an up to date information system for survival and even existence. Without the use of Information Technology it would be inconceivable, because of its critical role in increasing productivity. In a lot of modern organisations, information systems make extensive use of information technology such as desktop computers and laptops. This is mostly down to the advantages which arise from the use of such systems. Advantages, Speed, being able to process millions of instructions each second and completing each task in a very short space of time is hugely beneficial to any company or organisation. Accuracy, a calculation which is carried out by a computer is most likely to be completely accurate and human error can be reduced or even eliminated altogether. Reliability, computer-based information systems can in theory have no down time and can operate 24 hours a day. Programmability, the ability to change or to modify the software to suit any given function provides a high degree of flexibility. Combining these advantages is majorly beneficial to any business; however there are still disadvantages to an organisation which relies heavily on a computer based information system. Disadvantages, Judgement or experience cannot be thought to a computer based information system. Flexibility or improvisation, a computer based information system would be unable to react to an out of order or unexpected event or situation. Innovation, the computers inability to think outside of the box and to discover new ways to help improving processes or even solving problems. Conclusion. Many of the reasons for initiating an information system are to increase productivity, improve order fulfilment, business or customer demand, legal requirement, update an old system, technological change, or gain strategic advantage or the competitive edge over other companies in the industry, however there are a lot of steps in which an organisation must go through to see whether or not the system will benefit the companys overall business strategy. Once all the right steps have been taken and every part of the process mapped out, the decision must be made, taking into consideration the advantages over the disadvantages if the plan is feasible or not or whether it makes good business sense?

Diabetes :: essays research papers

Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder in which blood levels of glucose are abnormally high because the body doesn’t release or use insulin adequately. Diabetes Mellitus affects many organs of the body. It affects the blood vessels because Atherosclerotic plaque builds up and blocks large or medium-sized arteries in the heart, brain, and legs. The walls of small blood vessels are damaged so that the vessels do not transfer oxygen normally and may leak. This can lead to poor circulation and can hinder the healing of wounds, cause heart disease, stroke, gangrene of the feet and hands, and infections. The eyes are also affected. The small blood vessels of the retina become damaged leading to decreased night vision and ultimately blindness. Poor kidney function and kidney failure may also arise due to thickening of the blood vessels in the kidneys. Protein leaks into the urine and the blood is not filtered normally. Skin is greatly affected by diabetes Mellitus. There is poor blood flow to the skin which causes loss of feeling. Sores and deep infections called diabetic ulcers occur because of this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pregnancy is affected by diabetes Mellitus. Many changes that take place during pregnancy make controlling blood sugar more difficult for a woman who has diabetes. Changes in the levels and types of hormones produced during pregnancy can cause insulin resistance, increasing the body’s requirements for insulin. Poorly controlled diabetes may endanger the fetus as well as the woman. With proper adjustments in insulin the risks lessen. Diabetes increases a pregnant woman’s risk of infection, early labor, and high blood pressure caused by pregnancy. The baby of a diabetic woman may be unusually large at birth. The risk of birth defects is two times higher in babies of women who have diabetes. Most women who have diabetes can have vaginal deliveries. After birth, the babies are assessed carefully because they are at increased risk of developing breathing difficulties, low blood sugar and calcium levels, jaundice, and a high red blood cell count. These pro blems are temporary and can be treated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Six percent of the United States population has some form of diabetes. Ten percent have type 1 form of the disease. Most people who have the disease develop it before age 30. Scientists believe that an environmental factor causes the immune system to destroy the insulin—producing cells in the pancreas. Some genetic link is most likely needed for this to happen.

Comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about :: English Literature

Comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about the theme of nature and the season of summer. Through out my essay, in which is to follow, I will be comparing the way two poets, John Claire and Ted Hughes, write about the theme of nature and the season of summer. The two poems that I am to study are Work And Play written by Ted Hughes and Summer Images written by John Claire in the 1800's. In both the poems the poets are talking directly to us (the reader). Although both poems are about summer and nature they are coming at us from very different points of view. In Work and Play Ted Hughes Talks directly to us about how nature in terms of the swallow deals with summer 'the swallow of summer she toils all the summer' and how nature in terms of human beings deal with summer 'But the holiday people were laid out like wounded flat as in ovens roasting and basting'. He makes the comparison between the beauty of the swallow and ugliness of the humans throughout the poem. When thinking of summer one can't help but get a rosy picture in ones mind, the beach, the sun, and the fun!! But Hughes paints a more realistic picture for us. He shows us the down side and instantly wipes away the mental picture and shows us its not all fun. Through out the poem he also points out how we are destroying our surroundings giving it a very green, environmental feel to it. He pacifically concentrates on cars, petrol and pollution 'Serpent of cars that crawl through the dust' 'in hailing petroleum'. As you can clearly tell Ted Hughes is constantly contrasting the humans (nature at its worst) with the swallow (nature at its best). John Clair's poem comes across from a different angle. He concentrates on everything that is right with nature; through out his poem we get a very romanticised view of summer, and in every stanza he describes nature to its full beauty 'much beauty intervenes', 'turn up the silver lining to the sun'. Every word that John Clair uses in his poem he manages to romanticise in some way, for example 'the jetty snail creeps from the mossy thorn' John Claire softeners the word thorn by adding a soft word in front of it, in this case the word was mossy. In the time that Claire was writing this poems was seeing nature through rose coloured glasses, but he was also summing up what people of his time thought of nature.

Environmental issues Essay

The Greenpeace. org website is an effective tool that calls environmental activists to action around the globe. This essay will demonstrate how the website effectively uses content, design, and visuals to achieve its objectives. The central purpose of the website is to get people involved and taking action to solve issues that negatively affect the planet. The main argument presented by www. Greenpeace. org is that ‘this fragile Earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action†. This argument is effectively followed up by examples of the earth being threatened by highlighting issues about energy, politics and big business. The description of each environmental issue uses pathos, logos and ethos to persuade activists. The stories that illustrate the need for action are driven by pathos which appeals to the human emotion to compel people to take action. All stories have used visuals to appeal to activists. The pictures and images are a critical part of the argument being effective. When you see something you care about in danger it is more moving than just text. A great example of moving visuals is the cute baby monkey pictured right above the ‘donate to Greenpeace’ button. The use of logos through the use of facts and figures in the website successfully back up the claim that the earth needs help. What adds further credibility to the significant amount of statistics on the website are the links to national websites which provide a more local view of the issues. The overall design of the website is seamless. Every page integrates content and visuals to highlight a range of pressing environmental issues and call for action. The home page is organized and packed full of content with a lot of images used. My firstl impression is that the homepage is too busy but it does give people the choice of what they are interested in. The color scheme is very attractive with the bright green color attracting visitors to areas of interest. The site effectively uses large font for headlines to draw attention also using different font colors for different sections. In terms of ethos the tone is appropriate in that it conveys authority on the subject while still maintaining a down to earth approach that conveys to the reader; we are in this together. The paragraphs are concise and broken up for easy reading and the writer reaches out to the reader to keep them engaged. The website is updated regularly with a daily blog. One of the most effective aspects of the greenpeace. org website is its clear and multiple calls for action on every issue mentioned on the website. For each major story there are two links one is ‘Support Us’ and the other is ‘Take Action’. On the homepage alone there are eight calls for action. The visual argument effectiveness of the greenpeace. org website has a high impact since it personalizes the issues that increase the probability of activists taking action. The website used a wide variety of tools such as video clips, photos, interactive maps, webcams, discussion forums and even Greenpeace TV. The visuals are used mostly to attach feelings and emotions to the issues for example a video clip of an interview with a farmer affected by the destruction of the Amazon forest is a powerful way to convince people to help this farmer and others like him and take action. On each page there is a picture of either an animal or a child asking the reader to take action and help them before it’s too late. Overall the Greenpeace. org website is a highly effective website that inspires and motivates activists and every day citizens to take action to address environmental issues. The design, content and visuals of the pages within the website all support the central argument that the earth is fragile and action is needed to help it before it is too late.

John Lennon

IntroductionOn a gloomy night in London, while Hitler's bombs rained down from the sky, John Lennon was born. An infant of war, Lennon would turn out to be a symbol of peace to the entire world. His father left him for the sea and his mother was taken from him in a car crash. However, he had music inside of him, and with this music he built a new family, a family which still endures and still cultivates the lives of many. He journeyed the earth, singing â€Å"come together† and â€Å"all you need is love.† He journeyed to India to study harmony in the land of Gandhi. He gave an anthem to the peace movement when he sang â€Å"All we are saying is give peace a chance† (Give Peace a Chance, 1969). But more importantly, he gave the world vision and dreams when he sang â€Å"Imagine† (1970).This discussion will highlight the points in Lennon’s career that transformed him into one of the most recognized figures of our Western culture. With his influences from Eastern cultures, he incorporated many aspects of this into his music and created a double ideology that can still be seen today. Various aspects of Lennon’s career will be analyzed in order to realize the type of person he was, and how he has influenced our culture at present. In the concluding section, a much deeper analysis will be conducted noting the importance of Lennon’s impact through his music, art and mind.The Career of a GeniusMainly well-known as one of the members of the Beatles as well as the co-composer of the Beatles song catalogue which included many of the most admired rock songs ever written, John Lennon is also distinguished for his solo career, with his continuing status as a celebrity persecuted by one of his own fans, shot dead outside his New York City home, and as a celebrity who used his fame to draw awareness to various peaceful causes (Coleman, 1992).Lennon was born in Liverpool, raised in a middle class home that lacked a father and al so a mother as well; Lennon was for the most part raised by his aunt Mimi, who warned him that while playing his guitar was fine, it was unlikely that he would learn a living from it (Coleman, 1992). He attended an art school where he produced a small group, the Quarrymen, which would later shape the foundation for the Beatles (Conord, 1994).Lennon was the original leader of the Beatles and their most controversial component. At the 1963 Royal Command Performance, he said to the audience, â€Å"On the next number, would those in the cheap seats clap their hands and the rest of you rattle your jewelry.† Upon being awarded the MBE, Lennon observed, â€Å"I can't believe it. I thought you had to drive tanks and win wars† (Conord, 1994). He provoked even more argument when on November 25, 1969, he returned his MBE â€Å"with love† to the Queen to object to Britain's involvement in Vietnam and his song â€Å"Cold Turkey† slid down the charts (Green, 1989).In 1 966, Lennon told Maureen Cleave in the London Evening Standard, â€Å"The Beatles are bigger than Jesus Christ,† provoking a religious repercussion in the United States (Coleman, 1992). A similar British reaction was created when Lennon appeared naked on the cover of his Two Virgins album. An exhibition of Lennon's erotic lithographs had to have eight prints removed under threat of possible prosecution under the Obscene Publications Act. However, they were later declared â€Å"unlikely to deprave or corrupt† by legal experts and handed back (Conord, 1994).In addition to music and art, Lennon also experimented with literature. Lennon wrote his first book, â€Å"In His Own Write†, which subsequently won a Foyle's Literary Prize. This was followed by â€Å"A Spaniard in the Works†. In addition to his film work with the Beatles (Help!, A Hard Day's Night, Let It Be), Lennon had a small role in Richard Lester's illogical black comedy â€Å"How I Won the Warâ €  (Davies, 1968). He was also the focus of the documentary film Imagine.Lennon also formed his first post-Beatles group, the Plastic Ono Band, which originally consisted of himself, Ono, Eric Clapton, Klaus Voorman, and Alan White, who threw together an under rehearsed show for a live concert in Toronto which was recorded as an album and film. Lennon's next Plastic Ono Band effort, Plastic Ono Band with Voorman on bass, Ringo Starr on drums, and occasional piano by Billy Preston and Phil Spector, is one of rock's all-time classic albums (Conord, 1994). Sparse and powerful, the album was an outgrowth of Lennon's involvement in primal scream therapy techniques as he tries to exorcise his personal pain and rejection tempered by feelings of love and hope (Henke, 2003).Paradoxically, following the break-up of the Beatles, even Ringo Starr initially had greater chart success than Lennon (Green, 1989). If Plastic Ono Band evoked Lennon's agony, his â€Å"Imagine† album celebrate d his delight, and proved to be another classic. This was the most melodic of Lennon's solo albums, a quality he would downplay subsequently as his peace expressions gave way to political statements as on his rasping â€Å"Some Time in New York City† album (Henke, 2003). Lennon decided to move to the United States, but Lennon's political activities brought him under examination by the FBI and he was ordered to leave the U.S. by the Immigration establishment (Coleman, 1992). Lennon was able to productively fight the deportation, and in January 1974, he asked the Queen for a Royal Pardon in connection with his drug conviction in order to be free to journey to and from the United States (Green, 1989).Nevertheless, Lennon's dedication as an artist has left a lasting feeling, from his commitment to political causes to his celebrated love for Yoko Ono in the face of public hostility and contempt (Seaman, 1991). His solo music has been frequently repackaged, his demo tapes and home recordings formed the basis of a long-running radio show, â€Å"The Lost Lennon Tapes,† a couple of these recordings formed the basis for the two Beatles reunion singles, â€Å"Real Love† and â€Å"Free As a Bird,† and many of these pieces were collected together for release in late 1998 as the Lennon Anthology album (Seaman, 1991). They offer a complete portrait of Lennon, from his pleasure to his misery, his irritation and his wit.Lennon came to the conclusion years ago that what most people around him were most attracted to, was Lennon himself, and few artists have put so much of themselves into their talent so that he and his love for Yoko became his celebrated subjects (Henke, 2003).The Influence of a SoulThe feelings that John Lennon spoke of grew more and more personal, striking a receptive chord in the fans that followed him; some commented that the experience was like group therapy (Aquila, 1985). Following Lennon's tune â€Å"all you need is love,â₠¬  a whole new generation loosened the bonds with their parents and turned to their peers as relatives. With colleague Beatle Paul McCartney, John wrote â€Å"I am the Walrus† (1967), which began with the association with LSD, â€Å"I am he as you are he,† and led to the sixties collective ideal â€Å"we are all together.† From Berlin to Paris, from New York to Sydney, John wandered with his three fellow Beatles, singing and living a meaning of honesty and peacefulness. Lennon and McCartney’s â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (1967)† about â€Å"flowers that grow so incredibly high† was said to present a pleasant image for a central chapter in the history of youth culture: flower power and psychedelia (Weiner, 1984).â€Å"And in the end,† he sang, â€Å"the love you take is equal to the love you make† (â€Å"The End†, 1969). The end for this man of peace came by a gun in the hand of a criminal. Nevertheless John Lenno n is greater in death even than he was in life. In life, John Lennon was a rock star. In death, he was to become a myth. The young people who were his original disciples are no longer young, but are still devoted to him. Now they are joined by their children and grandchildren: Lennon has become a voice that speaks to all generations. The man who was born in hostility and died in violence became a principal representation of peace.We can see the power of indifference and re-initiation in Lennon's music which is only granted to us at a sanctified time. Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether the reason a person becomes a hero or heroine is that they create a new distinctiveness for their generation or that they represent the collective ideals of their society. Perhaps we can say that a commendable figure is the one who listens to his own needs and those of his generation and has the gift to respond to these needs by his talent and flair. John Lennon is just the one who was gifted in converting his private pain and struggle into a public voice (Wiener, 1984), thus he gave his society a meaning to live by, and a dream to pursue.Legacy: A Cultural InfluenceTo an age group of baby boomers, John Lennon was at the head of their culture. His music and way of life changed the way a generation reflected, dressed and felt about drugs, sex and political opinions. Future generations revealed the Beatles and John Lennon in the years after his death (Green, 1989). Today, almost every musical artist regardless of type is familiar with and partial in some way by the music of John Lennon and the Beatles. Possibly the aspect of Lennon's music that makes it so long lasting and influential is its sincerity (Green, 1989). John was not afraid to confront his own demons, writing about the passing away of his mother, his painful removal from heroin, his irritation, his love and his wish for a better world. He was genuine, and the approaches raised by his music remain real today. Now, around 25 years after his death, the influence of John Lennon remains powerful. The world will never know what route Lennon may have taken had he lived further than December 8, 1980. Although in the 40 short years he was on this world, Lennon gave the world music that made it think and feel and changed the way millions of people look at the world. Very few people have had as strong of a legacy as he.ReferencesAquila, Richard. â€Å"Why We Cried: John Lennon and American Culture† in Popular Music & Society. Vol. X, No. 1, 1985.Carr, Roy, and Tony Tyler. The Beatles: An Illustrated Record. Revised and updated edition. New York, Harmony Books, 1981.Coleman, Ray â€Å"Lennon: The Definitive Biography.† Harper Perennial, New York, 1992.Conord, Bruce W.   John Lennon.   USA:   Main Line Book Co., 1994.Davies, Hunter. The Beatles. Harper Collins, 1968.Du Noyer, Paul â€Å"We All Shine on: The Stories Behind Every John Lennon Song: 1970-1980.† Harperperennial Library, 1997.Green, John â€Å"Dakota Days.† St Martins Mass Market Paper, 1989.Henke, James. Lennon Legend: An Illustrated Life of John Lennon: Chronicle, 2003.â€Å"Legend-John Lennon†Ã‚  Online.   http://www.johnlennon-legend.com 4/4/07.Norman, Philip.  SHOUT!.   New York:   Simon and Schuster, 1981Seaman, Frederic â€Å"The Last Days of John Lennon.† Birch Lane Pr, 1991.Wiener, Jon. Come Together: John Lennon in His Time. New York: Random House, 1984. John Lennon John Lennon: The Smart Beatle â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one I hope someday you'll join us and the world will be as one,† is the chorus of Imagine, one of the most famous John Lennon songs. John Winston Ono Lennon was a singer, songwriter, artist and a hero in the eyes of the many people that belonged to the world of the hippies during the 1960s through the 1980s. John Lennon was part of the music group the Beatles; who sang about everything from world peace to young love and even drugs. He also became a solo artist after the Beatles split up and created a sound of his own.He earned the love and admiration of his generation by creating a huge body of work that inspired and led people (John Lennon). However, he was not a god in any way; he had his flaws just like any other person. John Lennon suffered through a rough childhood, faced a challenging, yet exciting adulthood and would never get a chance to experience his manhood. As a child, John Len non was defiant, determined and extremely intelligent. John Lennon was born on October 09, 1940 during the Nazi bombing of Britain (â€Å"John Lennon Biography†). John was born to Alfred Lennon and Julia Stanley Lennon.They separated when he was a baby, but were never officially divorced. He did not see his father from the age of four, until after he became famous. After Alfred and Julia separated, Julia started a new relationship with John â€Å"Bobby† Dykins. When the social services discovered that young John was sharing a bed with Julia and her new partner, it was agreed that John would move in with Mimi Smith, Julia's sister (Coleman 88-89). John was raised in Woolton, Liverpool by his Aunt Mimi (63). At the age of four he was taught to read and write by his Uncle George, later came to have a passion for books (99).John attended Dovedale Primary School where he did well in all of his classes. John excelled in art but had a weakness in math.. At the age of eleven J ohn was accepted into Quarry Bank High School after passing an eleven-plus exam (104,106). While attending Quarry Bank High School, John became less responsible. John started failing to pay attention in class, would skip lessons, started to smoke and began to swear (107-108). John attended Liverpool College of Art and was kicked out by the age of nineteen for disorderliness. All these things would not be enough to prepare him for what he was to encounter as a growing adult.During his adulthood, John became more daring, less responsible and was found caught up in the rush of fame. At the age of sixteen, John became a fan of Elvis Presley, who at the time was just being discovered. Elvis became the inspiration behind the band that John formed called the â€Å"Quarry Men†, named after his school (â€Å"John Lennon biography†). Shortly after forming the band, John met Paul McCartney and a friendship based solely on music was formed. After playing their first gig, the band began to gain momentum and decided it was time for a new name (194).As the band started to throw around names such as Long John Silver, one of the band members came up with the name the Beetles. John would later change the name to the Beatles, to incorporate the word ‘beat’ which was a popular word used to define the unique bands that originated from Liverpool (195-196). After the Beatles were discovered by Brian Epstein in 1961 at the Cavern Club, they released their first single, Love Me Do in October 1962 and it peaked on the British charts at number 17. The Beatles became the first band to break out in the United States, creating the Beatlemania.After Beatlemania started to lose the magic that is possessed from the start, the band split up. After an extended break, the band returned to the studio to expand their experimental with drug-influenced exotic instrumentation/lyrics and tape abstractions. The first sample was the single Penny Lane/Strawberry Fields Forever, followed up by Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, still considered by many to be the greatest rock album ever (â€Å"John Lennon Biography†). John never did get to experience his manhood, but he did get to experience many other things like marriage, divorce and having kids.The first woman he married was his college friend Cynthia Powell. Cynthia became his wife during Beatlemania and had their son during that time too. On April 8, 1963 their son John Charles Julian Lennon was born (Coleman 261). John Lennon did no want to get married, but in order to protect Cynthia and the child he decided that marriage was the best option (264). Cynthia Powell said, â€Å"I don’t think that we’d have been married if I hadn’t become pregnant. He wasn’t the sort at the age of twenty- one to say: â€Å"Will you marry me? It was all so immediate that we hardy realized the seriousness of it all: making love, getting pregnant, getting married. † (qtd. in C oleman 263). After meeting Yoko Ono at one of her art showings in 1966, John and her started to have an affair. As they got more and more serious John finally had the courage to tell Cynthia what was going on (422). Though they tried to work through this hard time, John finally decided to end their marriage in 1968 (440). John and Yoko were married on March 20, 1969 (John Lennon). They had a son, Sean Lennon Ono, in 1975.John’s second marriage ended on December 8, 1980 when he was assassinated by an enraged fan outside of his hotel (John Lennon Biography). After the death of John Lennon his record sales soared and he continued to be admired by his generation (John Lennon). On December 14, 1980, a ten-minute silent vigil in John’s honour was observed around the world at 2:00 P. M. E. S. T. (Coleman 724). John left behind a legacy of music that has reached generation after generation. John Lennon suffered through a rough childhood, faced a challenging, yet exciting adult hood and would never get a chance to experience his manhood.As a child, John was raised by his Aunt Mimi after his parents were divorced, never saw his father until he became famous and was seventeen when he lost his mother after she was hit by a car. During his adulthood he formed a band, began a friendship with Paul McCartney and his renamed band, the Beatles were discovered by Brian Epstein. John never did get to experience his manhood, but he did get to experience many other things like marriage, divorce and having kids. He married, divorced and had a child with Cynthia Powell. Then he married and had a child with Yoko Ono and during their marriage he was assassinated by an enraged fan.John left behind a legacy of music that has reached generation after generation. â€Å"You, you may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one I hope someday you'll join us and the world will be as one,† is the chorus of Imagine, one of the most famous John Lennon songs. Works Cited Colema n, Ray. Lennon: the definitive biography. USA: HarperCollins Publishers, 1985. Print. â€Å"John Lennon Biography. † The Rock and Roll Hall of fame and museum. Web. 09. Aug. 2012 â€Å"John Lennon. † 2012. Biography. com 2012. Biography. com 10 Aug 2012

A Scholarship Boy’s Longing

A Scholarship Boy’s Longing In his essay â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† Richard Rodriguez acts as both a writer and reader in response to a book written by Richard Hoggart entitled The Uses of Literacy. Rodriguez discovers a parallel between his own life and the life of what Hoggart coins as a â€Å"scholarship boy.† A scholarship boy is defined as a child from a working-class family who feels as if he â€Å"cannot afford to admire his parents†¦so he concentrates on the benefits that education will bestow on him.† (566). For Rodriguez, the discovery and reading of the definition prompts him to gain the courage to realize and admit that his academic success is due to his early, emotional separation from both his family and his culture. Discovering Hoggart’s book was an epic moment in Rodriguez’s life. His nostalgic experience is expressed when he writes, â€Å"For the first time I realized that there were other students like me, and so I was able to frame the meaning of my academic success, its consequent price- the loss.† (564). Rodriguez’s academic success began when the â€Å"deepest love† he had for his parents turned into â€Å"embarrassment for their lack of education.† (566). Like Hoggart’s scholarship boy, he started isolating himself from them and transitioning his respect to his teachers. He realized that his parents had no room for societal growth, and if he chose to follow in their footsteps, he would be doomed to the same working-class life that they were marginalized into. Rodriguez’s embarrassment of his parents served as a catalyst to further his education. By idolizing his teachers, he realized that he was opening the doors to success. The only problem with opening the doors to success is that another door closes behind it. The intimate, family life in which Rodriguez found so much pleasure was left in a self-deprecating manner. He began to associate pleasure with inferiority. For a scholarship boy, it is â€Å"clear that education is a long, unglamorous, even demeaning process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (578). Rodriguez would go to the library and check out the maximum number of books. Many of these books were recommendations from the teachers he admired so much or librarians who had gained a new fondness for him. This mirrors the words of Hoggart when he writes, â€Å"†¦The scholarship boy rarely discovers an author for himself and on his own.† (845). Every time Rodriguez did discover a book on his own and found it pleasurable, he disregarded it. There was no room for pleasure in his life. During grade school, Hoggart’s scholarship boys endure the constant feeling of harsh loneliness. The scholarship boy would always be the first to answer a teacher’s question to the annoyance of the other students. In his home life, the scholarship boy feels as if he does not identify with his family, so conversation is always kept to a minimum. The books that Rodriguez brought home are the epitome of Rodriguez’s imaginative, scholarship boy. They are books that disassociate himself from his family. This loneliness also proves true in Rodriguez’s student life. There seemed to be a barrier between Rodriguez and a normal, social life. Instead of healthily interacting with other people, he hid behind his books. When Rodriguez was a graduate student, he traveled to London to write a dissertation on English Renaissance literature. He found himself in a lonely community of other scholarship children whose â€Å"eyes turned away the moment [their] glances acciden tally met.† (579). The realization of such a life had a profound effect on Rodriguez. Nostalgia started setting in, and he was eager to remember the warmth he experienced as a child. Rodriguez blatantly states that he was the quintessential scholarship boy, but I believe that he has since then shed the label. A scholarship boy is defined by Hoggart as a child who tries to separate himself from his family because of the embarrassment of association. He is the â€Å"odd man out.† (848). However the tone used by Rodriguez in â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† is more nostalgic and melancholy than embarrassed. Rodriguez openly writes about his past, even though it had taken him over â€Å"twenty years to admit.† (564). Hoggart claims that once a scholarship boy has made the transition into a scholar, he will never feel a sense of belonging in his personal, private life. This is where the separation between Hoggart’s scholarship boy and Rodriguez truly begins. In the ending paragraphs of his essay, Rodriguez begins to identify with his parents. He notes that he â€Å"laughed just like his mother† and â€Å"his father’s eyes wer e much like his own.† (580). Although Rodriguez is most likely still the odd man out in his family, he does feel a sense of belonging despite the strained relationship. There is an interesting relationship between Rodriguez and Hoggart’s texts. The structure of Rodriguez’s essay is formatted similar to a reading analysis worksheet. Rodriguez borrows four block quotes from Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy and comments on them, finding various parallels to his own life. An example of this can be seen when Hoggart writes, â€Å"The scholarship boy discovers a technique of apparent learning, of acquiring of facts rather than of the handling and use of facts. He learns how to receive a purely literate education, one using only a small part of the personality and challenging only a limited area of his being.† (577). Like Hoggart’s scholarship boy, Rodriguez admits he was a bad student. He relied on imitation to get him through the grammar school system. Rodriguez â€Å"used his teachers’ diction, trusting their every direction.† (566). He adopted what he was told to adopt rather than making decisions on his o wn. Rodriguez’s way of paralleling his life to the life of Hoggart’s scholarship boy seems like a very systematic way of writing, which is interesting, because it reflects Rodriguez’s methodical, educational upbringing. However, how Rodriguez uses the text to his advantage is proof that he is no longer a carbon copy of Hoggart’s scholarship boy. The text is broken up into four sections. The first section intertwines the words of Hoggart and Rodriguez describing Rodriguez’s claim on the term â€Å"scholarship boy.† Rodriguez blurs the lines between Hoggart and himself, which allows him to fully align himself with Hoggart’s definition of a scholarship boy. The passage from The Uses of Literacy within this section seems to flow a little too perfectly. It is seamlessly sewn together as if Hoggart’s words and Rodriguez’s personality are one and the same. The second section could have easily been ripped out of Rodriguez’s journal, because of its heavy use of personal events from the essayist’s life. The second section’s polar opposite is the third section, which seems very factual and based on Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy. Many of the sentences begin with â€Å"The scholarship boy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The second and third sections display some kind of internal battle withi n Rodriguez, but it comes together in the fourth section. Instead of reading Hoggart’s text like a chore and adding it to a list of accomplishments like Rodriguez did with Plato’s The Republic, he comprehends and uses it to aid his voice. He controls the last section with great authority. Rodriguez makes Hoggart’s words work for him and becomes both a close reader and a creator of a literate, personal, and admirable essay. He uses Hoggart’s words, but he does not mimic them like he once mimicked his teachers and critics. Being able to find his own voice as both a reader and reader, as well as becoming aware and accepting of the fact that it is okay to desire the past were key to separating Rodriguez from Hoggart’s prescriptive scholarship boy. Rodriguez even goes as far to describe Hoggart’s scholarship boy as â€Å"more accurate than fair.† (577). Although it is a seemingly an accurate description, of what a young, working-class child may go through in life, it is not every man’s description. The scholarship boy described by Hoggart in The Uses of Literacy seemed to have an ill fate of seclusion and loneliness, but Rodriguez seems to have created a different ending for himself by being able to go back home. The last section of â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† proves that the essay is solely Rodriguez’s. He may have inserted Hoggart’s quotes into his work, yet the essay is still his, because the clarity of his emotions and thoughts is pristine. Rodriguez, Richard. The Achievement of Desire. Ways of Reading. Comp. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2005. 561-584.

The pro and con sides to using MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS at the college Essay

The pro and con sides to using MULTIPLE CHOICE TESTS at the college level - Essay Example Scoring hundreds of long essays is impossible when time is short, and thus, examiners find it practically easy to mark multiple choice tests. The number of test-takers is also important. Multiple choice tests are famous for their practicality and reliability in this manner. They can be scored very easily through a computer scanner. This has also reduced the testing time. So, time is saved at every step while using multiple choice tests. Tamir suggests in his research that multiple choice tests are especially beneficial for those students who are not good at writing. Writing is a skill which every student does not possess; and, often times it so happens that those students pass with flying marks who are skilled at explaining the theoretical portion. Multiple choice questions benefit those who are skilled more at understanding concepts, whether or not they can write well. Now, let’s discuss the cons. Ajideh and Esfandiari compared the usage of multiple choice tests and cloze-tests while examining vocabulary proficiency of the students. The sample contained 21 Iranian EFL students. They found out that the students who performed on cloze-tests could have shown the similar results when they were examined through multiple choice tests. So, according to the researchers, multiple choice tests could be substituted for multiple choice tests. This explains that students’ proficiency does not increase when the method of examination is multiple choice tests. Woodford and Bancroft assert that when a student is examined through multiple choice questions, he has 25% possibility of guessing the right answer, even if he does not know the answer at all. He can guess by eliminating the possibly wrong answers, thus reaching the possibly correct answer. Thus, even if he does not possess sufficient knowledge, his right guessing may lead him to success. This is the discrepancy of multiple choice tests, which can be