A Semiotic Analysis of a Newspaper Story Essay

A logical place to start may be to ask what is intelligence information? Professor Jonathan Bignell nominates that in the raws is not just facts, but representations produced in terminology and other gulls like ikons. The paper is just whizz medium of intelligence operation communication other media include television, radio, magazines, and the Internet. We will concentrate on a peculiar(prenominal) intelligence souvenir as coered in three several(predicate) British daily discussionpapers, namely The sunniness, The Telegraph, and The quantify. The story which is being covered is that of the death of a female guard policeman who was stabbed by a man whilst she was on duty. The medium of the newspaper is particularly provoke as manseifiers atomic number 18 presented simultaneously thus offering a concrete display of signs which the proofreader can consume at their own pace and can to a fault be re-read, as opposed to television or radio news which can only be wat ched or listened to at particular times.The process of selection is rally to the production of all newspapers. This involves selecting events which are considered to be worthy of being printed as news, and excluding news which is considered to be irrelevant, insignificant or unworthy of news coverage. Thus news is a social construct dependent on what is deemed to be important by those who work in the news industry based on trusted enrolls of behaviour which start been learned by news workers in order to do their job. The codes of behaviour which invite been learnt by news workers undoubtedly depend on the particular newspaper for which they are working.It could be suggested that in British society most adults would be aware of the conventions of different newspapers. We will attempt to examine the types of sign systems inside which a particular news story is encoded in a selection of newspapers, and how these different sign systems may affect meaning. It is transcend when l ooking at at The Sun, The Telegraph, and The Times articles, which were all published on Saturday, April 18th, 1998 that distributively newspaper attaches importation to different news items. This is made clear by looking at the expect pages of each newspaper, with The Suns important front page story concentrating on the relationship of phiz Kensit and Liam Gallagher, compared to The Telegraphs main story which concentrates on a shake-up of scientific committees that advise presidential term ministers on food safety and The Times main front page story which covers the story of the new National Lottery Big Ticket show which is facing the BBC axe.Although we will not be concentrating on the comparison of the front pages of the newspapers in this term paper, these examples demonstrate how forcefulally the different newspapers differ in what constitutes front-page news. The examples also demonstrate the interpretation of newspaper conventions, as we analyse the stories which are considered to be the intended main news of the front-page. As can be seen with the front page of The Sun the main story is clear as it dominates most of the available blank shell on the front-page.However, with the other newspapers the distinction is not quite as clear. The main criteria when deciding on which was the main story of the front-pages of The Telegraph and The Times was the size of the typeface of the headline. This emphasises that the reader comes to the newspaper with a set of codes with which to decode the text, and these codes may differ from item-by-item to individual. This leads to the point that the text is circularize to a variety of interpretations depending on the ideologic standpoint of the reader, and whether the reader is familiar with the newspaper and the codes which. it employs to communicate the news which it has selected.Connotations of the linguistic and visual signs which are presented by newspapers are central to the meaning of the news item to t he reader. The connotations of the news item are perceived within a coded framework and there are recognisable codes within different newspapers. It is clear that different newspapers pulmonary tuberculosis particular narrative codes when representing the very(prenominal) item of news. This can be seen in the three headlines which refer to the particular news item which I have chosen to examine. The Sun headline states SCANDAL OF PSYCHO FREED TO KILL HERO COP NINN, The Telegraph WPc was knifed to death after removing armour, and The Times WPc paid with her life for dedication to duty. Each of these narrative codes used in the headlines instantly win a framework on which to build the meaning of the news item. The headlines are linguistic syntagms which aim to bring in the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story, and the linguistic signs which are employed in the headline suggest to the reader the appropriate codes which are needed to understand or decode the new s item.It is clear that the newspapers use different linguistic codes as a means of representing the news item. The Times and The Telegraph are alike in their use of language. However, both differ strikingally with The Sun. It is clear that The Sun uses orally based vocabulary, and dramatic and sensational language. This can be seen in the first sentence of the news item, which reads A. violent cop-hating nut killed braw WPC Nina Mackay after a catastrophic catalogue of blunders by Crown prosecutors and police allowed him to roam free. The article also employs alliteration for emphasis , as in catastrophic catalogue and scandal of psycho. The linguistic codes of the news item certainly connote speech which in turn connotes familiarity, in formalities, and camaraderie.The article also implies familiarity with the victim (We Nina Mackay) who is referred to throughout as Nina where as a distance is created between the reader and the offender who is referred to throughout by his las t name, Elgizouli. This code of familiarity is significantly different to that which is employed by The Telegraph and The Times who refer to the victim either in her professional capacity (WPc Nina Mackay) or by her full name. However, it is perhaps significant that the offender is referred to by his surname in all of the different representations of the news items. This strategy of distancing the reader from the criminal is blatantly employed by all three of the newspapers, clearly suggesting that the preferred reading of the texts should involve no sympathy with the offender.Another drastic difference between the newspaper representations of the news item are the typographic devices used to break up the text. Again, The Sun differs dramatically to The Telegraph and The Times victimization bold text to start the article, serving to get over the role of the headline in attracting the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story. The use of bold and one word sub-headings w hich are employed throughout the text serve to direct the reader in reservation meaning of the text and make blatantly obvious the points which the newspaper deem to be of particular significance to the understanding of the news item. The Telegraph and The Times do not employ the same typographic codes as The Sun, apart from bold type which is used for the headline, and the bold type used to name the journalist/s of the article.The narrative of the news story uses the same type and size of font throughout the item. Arguably, this connotes authority and formalness to the reader which is also demonstrated by the fairly long sentences, the correct spellings and the lack of colloquial language such as cop which is used in The Sun. This perhaps implies that the quality press such as The Times and The Telegraph provide better news than tabloids such as The Sun. However, this kind of value appraisal is inappropriate as both types of newspaper are constructions of the news with the qualit y newspapers aiming to connote authority and formality and the popular tabloids aiming to connote an attitude of telling it how it is. Thus both types of representation of the news items present mythological meanings.Linguistic and typographic codes are not the only codes employed in news discourse. Graphic codes must(prenominal) also be considered. The photographs used in the press have also undergone a process of selection. wizard image will be chosen over another as it connotes a pass along that the selectors of the photograph want to communicate. Barthes (cited in Bagnell, 197798) suggests that the newspaper photograph is an object that has been worked on, chosen, composed, constructed, treated according to professional, aesthetic or ideological norms which are so many factors of connotation. The treatment of photographs which is referred to by Barthes can be seen in the different newspapers which I have chosen. Interestingly, each version of the news item has used the same photographs, but treated them other than according to the required connotation. Each representation uses the same scene of the victim in her police ordered looking directly at the camera, and the same picture of the offender looking vacant and away from the camera.Again, The Times and The Telegraph use similar codes, and The Sun employs a drastically different strategy despite using the same original photographs. The most drastic difference is that The Sun presents the photographs in colour, connoting realism and the dangerousness of the offender. This is also connoted by the size of the photographs, with the graphic representation dominating a large proportion of the overall available space on the page, which is another drastic difference between The Suns representation of the news item and the other two newspapers. Despite these major differences it is significant that the newspapers have all used the same photographs, and it is interesting to look at why these particular photog raphs might have been chosen.Paradigmatically, photographs involve connotations, and thus the significance of the particular photographs which have been chosen can be seen more clearly when considering what other paradigmatic connotations might have appeared in their place. For example the connotations of the picture of the police officer would change considerably if she was not in uniform. Likewise, the connotations of the picture would change if the offender was looking directly at the camera and smiling, instead he is pictured looking away from the camera with a blank expression, connoting lack of emotion.The contrasted pairs which seem to be involved in the paradigms are innocence and guilt, justice and injustice. These contrasted pairs are made more clear by the way in which the meanings of the photographs are anchored in a small amount of text beneath the photographs. The Times offers its own contrasted pair in the text beneath the pictures, namely killer and killed. As Bignel l (199799) suggests, the caption underneath the picture enables the reader to stretch out down the image with particular pagan meanings and the photograph functions as the proof that the texts message is true. The pictures are also shown in different contexts in the three newspapers with The Sun using a different strategy to The Telegraph and The Times.The Telegraph and The Times use similar sized pictures of the individuals involved. In The Sun the size of the photographs of the individuals differ considerably with the killer being represented as significantly bigger than the killed. Also, the photograph of the police officer is presented in a photograph-like frame connoting sentimentality, and elevating her position in comparison to the killer. This emotionalism is carried over into the other picture which The Sun represents which shows the coffin of the police officer being carried by her colleagues. This is a cultural sign which most readers will be able to relate to, and conn otes sympathy, tragedy and injustice.This discussion of several newspapers representations of the same news item show how semiotic compendium can determine the meanings of such news items, as a result of the linguistic and visual signs used within the texts. However, semiotic analysis cannot determine how an individual reader might interpret the representations of the news items in a real social context. Semiotic analysis does offer an insight into the factors at work in the production of a news item and distinguishes the various(a) codes which are employed by different types of newspaper when representing a particular news item.